The secret world of the machine shop.
OK here is a rundown on the secret world of the machine shop. I just spent an hour or so here cleaning up some of my parts. Here are some things to keep in mind when talking to, and to looking for one to use. I’m using Rex Hutchison Race Engines.
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Rex Hutchison has been building engines since the flat head was king.
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One of the problems with a shop is the lack of time spent on an engine. When you take an engine to a shop take a look around
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and see just what kind of money is sitting there.
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I mean the type of engines and equipment. Is it just stock blocks or are there a 4 or 5 big money engines there under construction.
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With Rex there are engines that range from stock to 11000 Horse Power costing around $80,000 bucks or more.
What are the steps your engine will go through. First thing that needs to happen after washing
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is to magnaflux every thing. For most places this is a standard practice. The two main types of testing is Dye and Powder.
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Now one big thing the shop must use is an ultra sound thickness gauge. They will need to take at least 2 readings. two measure the bore. Top and bottom.
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One problem with a block is there is no way to easily measure the wall thickness of a block. Before you bore a block you need to find out how thick the cylinder wall is. If you bore it over .030 you might have too thin of a wall and the engine can crack a cylinder or get hot spots when running. Once you use an ultra sound on the cylinder you can find the thinnest cylinder wall and rough size the bore accordingly. Making sure to have plenty of cylinder wall left.
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Just because a block has never been rebuilt doesn’t ensure that it is a good block.
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Next comes the line bore for the main bearings.
Now comes the wet hone
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Normally they should be done in four steps. (NOTE the next picture has an adapter bolted on to keep the fine hone in line with the bore so you can get the top edge honed correctly.)
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This will put the cool little lines in the cylinder. These lines are very important. With out them the piston rings will never seat and will leak compression gas and oil. These lines must intersect at a 60-degree angle. During this hole process the cylinders must be repeatedly checked for taper and proper bore size. Bore size is determined by the new pistons that are going in and the ultra sound test. Here is one of my new pistons for my V6.
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You must hone out to the final size. This takes quite some time to get it right. Every time you go to a finer stone you must take out less and less material and sneak up on the final bore diameter.
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Onto the heads. Heads will always be checked for cracks. But if you are going for some power you will need the shop to port the heads. First they CC the combustion chamber then cut the deck or just check for twist depending on what compression ratio you want to get. Then we replace the valves and seats.
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Then we perform a vacuum test to check our work.
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Now they will work on porting and run them on a flow bench.
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So now it’s time to work on the crank. They will polish it if possible,
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if you had spun a bearing or lost oil pressure they must grind down the bad journal.
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Now it can be rechecked for journal run out.
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Last but not least of the fun stuff is the spin balance. In this step we must know a couple of things. First is the weight of connecting rod. This is combined with the weight of the piston and the rings. To simulate the pistons and connecting rods you clamp on these adjustable weights.
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Now we can spin it up to speed.
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During this test we can find out where the heavy spots are. There is a meter on the balancer that shows witch end of the crank is heavy and how high from center is the heavy spot. There is a strobe light that flashes on the crank so you can reference the crank to find the heavy spot to drill.
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We must not forget about the flywheel and pressure plate. If this is out of balance then all the work done on the crank was a waste of time and money. So give them all of your parts.
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One thing that they will do before starting to balance the flywheel and clutch is they should resurface the flywheel. Here is an 11-pound flywheel being ground. The small shiny circle about 1 inch wide is the surface for the clutch.
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Well it’s time to put in the cam and start to work on the valve train. One of the biggest things a shade tree mechanic will do is go out and buy the biggest roller rockers they can find then wonder why the engine runs like crap. When setting up the valves you need to get the correct rockers. The rockers must match the cam profile you are using. I just saw a guy bring his car to Rex and asked them to look at it. First thing wrong was the engine had no breather. It was running under a vacuum. Next they has 36 degrees of advance. They put in a cam and rockers on stock compression and heads. I hope this helps to clear up what a machine shop does or does not do.
Welding and my shop area.
I guess it’s time for an update. The temperature is a warm 98 today. So I will just get caught up on the build until it cools off. The main part of the cabin is near complete. I have the seat mounting bars set in place, and the seat belt bars are in. For the guys that want to use a 5-point harness in your truck there are basic things to keep in mind about belts. First use a 3-inch belt. Avoid the 2-inch belt at all cost. They can do more damage to you in an accident then the stock belt. It comes down to simple weight distributions. The more surface the better. A 2-inch belt will bend into taco shape and now you have a ¼ inch rope for a belt. Not a good feeling. This is why they have banned them in nearly all forms of racing. Second DO NOT mount the shoulder belts above the Scapula of your back, Or shoulder blades. If it is to high then you can crack your spinal cord or sever your head during a crash. This would make for a good story on the 5 PM news. Head flies off during roll. Witness says, it looked like he said “holey shit” as it flue over. During a crash you can experience up to 165Gs of force. So keep in mind a seatbelt must not be pinched or have anything that can cut it with in 2 inches of it at all times. You should also think about the direction of forces applied to it. Keep bends and curves flowing not sharp.
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Now here is the main cab structure with some gussets installed. The cross bracing has yet to be installed. So far I have used 60 feet of 1 ½ inch .095-wall tubing and 20 feet of .120 wall tubing just to get this far.
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I have had a couple of people ask what it takes to build a good roll cage. Well here I go.
If you want to build a cage for your truck there is some tools you will need. First is the welder. Go out and find a good 220 Volt mig welder. You can use Argon Co2 mix or just Co2. Don’t use flux core. Straight Argon is for Aluminum I have used Co2 for many years and have just become accustom to how it works. A large tank can last me up to 10 years or more at home. I just replaced one of my tanks after 15 years of use. It went through 5 of the big rolls of .030 wires. Co2 burns hotter than Argon mix and you can burn through thin wall steel. It just takes time to get good. I will get into welding later on.
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Now you need to find a mandrel bender. DO NOT get a pipe bender. There are some ratcheting low cost ones that work OK and make nice bends. You can find them here.
http://www.tubing-benders.com/?gclid...FQ4iawod4Gxx3A
But if you really want to do the job right then you can expect to spend around 1200 bucks for a good quality tool. Here is a good source for tools and lots of other things you will need to do the job. Keep in mind if you buy something good you only need to buy it once. They still make and sell the tools I picked up back in 1997. You can get a low buck tubing notcher.
http://www.irvansmith.com/scart/index.php
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Now when it comes to tools you get what you pay for. I have spent the last 20 years filling up my box. Yard sales, auctions things like that. I set a goal and then collect parts until I have enough to get going on it. Here is my garage and some supplies that people have tossed out that I have found over the years. My nut and bolt collection was a major score.
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Now lets talk a little about welding.
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"When welding tubing you need to keep an eye on the fit of the tubing." If you have a large gap then you will “burn through” You can fill the gap but it takes time and every time you start and stop the fusion of the metal you take a chance of O2 getting into the weld and producing a pimple or “zit hole”. If you have the gas flow up to high wile using Co2 you can over heat the steel. I run around 12 Cubic Inch Hour. At this rate I can get a good Spray of metal. There are times when it can be an advantage to use a Globular transfer method, manley when filling a large gap between to parts. If the gap is large or the parts are thin there is the option to noodle weld.
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Make the fit on your tubing as tight as you can. Spend the extra time and do it right, there is no shortcut in frame building. Remember the forces that will be applied to the cage.
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Let’s talk about getting heads ported. My heads have been ported and are ready to be assembled. You will have many people tell you about valve seats and angles. 1,2, or 3 angle grinds. But when you look to improve performance you only need to look as far as the first 2 inch down the ports. Most improvement to air flow is right below and next to the valve. The head on my engine is within .020 of the intake gasket hole and the intake manifold porthole. When it comes to porting a head you need to open up the area right below the valve seat. The exhaust valve seat and valve has a radius seat. Not an angle cut. This allows for better flow of gas out of the combustion chamber. The intake has a 3-angle grind. This allows for a better seal so combustion gases can’t escape into the intake and cause a backfire.
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One thing I have seen people do is put larger valves in to a head. This can create larger problems and is more costly to do. The only time you need larger valves is if you are building a blown engine or top fuel car. But if you are dead set on larger valves then just go out and pick up heads that are built with them. It will save you in the end. One thing you should do is look to see how close the valve is to the wall of the combustion chamber. On some heads the valve is very close. So by just clearance that area you can greatly improve the flow. Here is a head that has been clearanced to allow for greater flow. It was opened up by .050 that may not seem like a lot but when you deal with 1000s of an inch it is a lot.
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Rear frame is now DONE..........
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Body construction has begun.
The bodywork is under way.
The first step was to set the body on the truck and look at what was going to look the best for the overall project.
First I marked up the fenders with my ideas of how things should fit and look.
Then I dropped off the body to the masters of bodywork.
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Ben is the man that is working as my sculptor. He normally does high detail, dental work for bodywork. He is also an off road guy at hart.
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He has wanted to build a truck like mine for years, so he was extremely excited to get the chance to sculpt out the body and pound out some fenders.
He was going to build everything out of sheet metal, but that turned into a problem.
The extreme angles needed to make the body look right made the use of all metal nearly impossible.
So he is going to be using a mix of sheet metal and expanding hard foam to build the fiberglass mold.
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The first thing I had them do was shorten the bedsides by 1 foot off the rear, no need for long bedsides.
From there they have a free license to make the front end look correct.
The front end will be widened by 20 inches with tire bumps and flairs. There will be a cowl induction hood designee built into it for clearance of the air intake system. The hood and fenders are going to be a 1-peace designee, with some small fenders, or splash grads. I will update things as we go.
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One of a kind, Composite Bodies
Lets dive into the world of composite bodies. The man I found to build the body has been building composite bodies for years.
Jeff currently has all but 3 F1 McClaren molds from the McClaren factory. He is expecting a prototype mold to arrive soon. I’ll get some pictures when it comes in. His main focus is in racing from the F1 to the GT car bodies.
The first thing was to shorten the rear bedsides by 12 inches off the back end and build an under structure. Next was to cut the wheel opening to match the front.
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The front fenders and hood was welded together and a full under structure was built to hold the form of the stock shape. Next was to cover the whole thing with 10Lb foam. Then rough cut and sand to shape.
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When building the plug, it is important to avoid sharp edges. If the plug has sharp edges then you may have problems with the first covering of fiberglass when making the hard shell. If the edges are to sharp then the glass can bunch up and not lay flat where you want it.
Next is to fill the large air pockets on the foam with some bondo. This will reduce the possibility of the mold generating air pockets from heat.
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I plan on having louvers in the hood. They will be cut into the part after it is built. It’s easier to cut them in later because they take so much time. When working with the resin and fabric you need to keep things moving and not stop.
The louver plugs are from a Chevy Camaro.
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Next up will be the building of the mold and the final body work.
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Building the class A mold and plug.
Willie has finished the bodywork on the rear bedsides.
After the hard shell was placed on the foam it was covered with a black 2-part feather fill primer.
This makes it possible to see all the imperfections of the hard shell.
Next comes a skim coat of Bondo.
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The Bondo was applied and worked in sections. This is done so the lines of the body are not lost.
Now the Bondo is rough sanded down so the hard shell and black just shows through the Bondo.
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Now the lines can be squared up using masking tape.
The tape makes a nice straight line. You sand the curves out until you just hit the tape.
After the body is fully sanded another coat of gray primer is placed on the plug, blocked and wet sanded to get the final body lines. Then one more coat of the black 2-part feather fill primer is applied. Once cured the primer is buffed smooth to a glass finish. The smother the finish the better the part will come out.
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This is referred to as a class A plug and mold. Next the plug is prepped for the mold. The first thing is to put on a good coat of Partall Paste #2 Release wax on the plug. Do Not Use a carnuba wax, you are asking for trouble. It can’t take the heat that is generated by the resin. It can reach temperatures of 130 degrees. Next you can tape on card stock paper flanges to the plug. The flanges will make it possible to remove the mold from the part and give the mold a back flange that gives the part it’s strength. The last step before the fiberglass is a thick coating of tooling gel. Tooling gel is a harder gel coat then what is used for the part. Once the fiberglass is applied to the plug it will bond to the gel coat. After removed from the plug it will be absolutely smooth just like the plug was. Next comes the building of the part itself.
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Electrical System is Done..
I just finished up the wiring. After 6 months it is finally finished and tested. I would work on it here and there when I received the parts. The final part that was holding me up was the intercom system.
Before and after pictures. Main board before the clean up.
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Wiring harness before the final clean up, and after. Now it looks like a real harness.
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Building the class A mold part 2
How to build the mold.
The very first and most important thing is to wax everything. And I mean everything including the paper you will use for the flang of the mold. Use the correct wax Partall Paste #2 Release Wax is the recommended wax. Then over the top of that you apply a coating Partall #10 Release PVA Film.
Next is to mark and cut the flange paper. It’s a good quality smooth card stock. You can get it for free if you hit up the local print shops around town. They normally just toss out the scraps, so it’s in your favor to ask them about getting the leftovers. Mark the paper with a marker and cut to fit. Make the fit as tight as you can.
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Things to look for when determining how and where to put a flange. The first thing is to look for is what is called a “Lock Up” This is a place the where the plug turns back on it’s self. Take a look at the front fender of your truck. The lock up area starts near the bottom. If you were to just cover the hole thing with glass and resin the plug would never come out of the mold, so you make a flange near that area out of the card stock. Keep in mind you want the plug to come out of the mold as easy as it can.
Once you have the plug flanged completely it is now ready for the tooling gel coat. You can spray or brush it on; it’s up to you. Cover only the plug and flanges within the first area you plan to work. This is the area before the lock up. Allow the tooling gel coat to dry over night.
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NOTE; Pre fit everything.
Now you can start the fiberglass lay out.
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Look out for tight areas where material can bunch up. Make as many relief cuts as necessary to allow the fiberglass to lie down on the plug and go over sharp bends and around corners.
Use as large of a peace of glass as necessary to cover an area. Don’t try to cover the whole thing in one try. This would cause the material to pull away from the areas you have already covered earlier. The stranded fiberglass mat is not as flexible as the glass cloth you will use later on. The mold will get a total of 4 layers of fiberglass, 2 of the multi directional mat and 2 layers of cloth.
Now you can apply the first the resin coat over the gel coat. Work in small areas so you can keep the areas wet. If you take too long on one area then you run the risk of the resin drying on you. Work fast you have about 45 minutes if the air tempters under 65 deg. Now you can stick on the first layer of mating.
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Then cover it with more resin pushing the mating down around the corners and edges. It’s best to have 2 people if working large parts. One person applying the resin and matting while the other works the roller removing air bubbles and working the matting into the corners.
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Overlap the matting about 1 inch. It should overlap like shuffling a deck of cards. Once you have worked back to the peace you started with you can start the application of the second layer of matting. Then more resin, and more rolling. Once you have covered and rolled the whole area including the flanges with the 2 layers of matting you can now apply 2 layers of cloth. It will be the same process but you should not need as much resin. Remember be careful when rolling not to pull the material. The cloth should not need as many relief cuts if any. It is more flexible and now the sharp corners are covered the whole thing is thicker and flatter. Work fast keeping things moving forward. The 2 layers of cloth go right down just as soon as you have covered the area with the matting. No stopping, no breaks, just go, go, go.
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Now you can have a beer because you are done for a couple of days. Let it out gas for at least 48 hours before removing the paper flanging you made. In the mean time you can start to make the last set of flanges for the “Lock Up” areas. After removing the paper be sure to wax the new fiberglass flange areas. Otherwise the mold will never come apart. This will be covered in step 3 and 4 later on.
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Building the class A mold part 3
Now that you have the first section of the mold done and some wood backing to help keep the mold rigid you can move on to the “Lock Up” areas as explained in step 2. So now you can flip the plug and mold over to get to the lock up areas.
The process is the same. More wax; build out the flanges, and glass over with 4 layers.
Once the glass has dried you can trim off the fringe with a cut off wheel or air hacksaw, and remove the paper flanges you made earlier.
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The next step is to make the return flanges.
This will give you an area to place the glass for the part. The return flange is one key part of the mold. It will give the final part the strength to keep flexing down to an acceptable level. With out a return flange the part will flap in the wind or sag. One misconception is a thick part is a strong part. Not so. But I’ll get into that later. Right now lets go forward on the mold flanges. Where you placed the flanges on the out side of the mold you need to carry that over to the return flange as well. Just keep thinking lock up. When the mold for the hood is done it will consist of 17 separate parts that will bolt together.
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Once you have the return flange separation points you can gel coat the plug, and mold flanges. Then glass on the 2-inch return flanges. One problem that people encounter is the mold sticking to the plug. You can reduce this by using the right amount of hardener. Not enough and the resin gets more time to work it’s way through the glass, gel coat and wax. Then the resin works it’s way into the plug or your flanges.
Once you have all the flanges done you can get out the drill and ¼ inch bolts. You are going to need a bunch of them.
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Building the class A mold part 4
Ok so now your mold is finished and ready to remove from the plug. Well this is where you take all the time and money you spent on building the plug and toss it in the trash. Some times you get lucky and things just come apart and you get to reuse the plug. But some time you don’t. The bedsides came out of the mold with just a small amount of damage. But the hood well lets just say we won’t be reusing the plug any time soon. It started out OK but went down hill fast.
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10 hours later the mold was fine. But the plug was done. First you will need to fix any damage the mold may have received when you removed it from the plug. Normally that is along the flange areas. Grind down the damaged areas and build back up with Bondo and sand smooth.
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40 Degree of initial advanced SOLVED
OK so here is what has been going on since the day of the start up. Day 1 Did the break in that everyone has seen the video by now. Day 2 it would not start. Added in some advance to make it run. 1 week later now it's up to needing 28 degree of initial advance to start and run. Called MSD they sent pick up coils, caps rotors crap like that. Replaced the hole distributor with a Mallory Unilite optical unit, and said screw MSD. That took 4 weeks to get it all together. Then the new Mallory failed so they sent out a new pick up unit for it. It would get hot and stop working. New wires. Had many people come over check the cam timing and everything else you could think of. We could not get it to run under the 40 degrees. Pulled the cam and sent it back to Comp Cams it came back fine. Sent it to a 3rd party to recheck there numbers. They matched with in a degree or so. Replaced the gear drive with a double roller chain. Reset the cam degree, and today I started it. And you guessed it, 40 degree of advance just to make it run. WTF,F,F,F,F,F,F,F,F,F,F, For those of you that were peeked in using the live cam feed on the first page, you saw me cussing and flinging tools all around. That's not a normal thing here on this truck.
So back to square 1. Cam is good, timing is at 107 intake center line. That's 3 degrees of advance to the cam. That's spot on. WHAT THE HELL.... So for shits and giggles I asked my neighbor behind me if he had a old coil laying around. So he gave me this old coil from his Studebaker or 1934 Ford. IDK but it's old. Hooked it up and fired it up. There was a new loud squeak noise like something starting to seize up. NOW WHAT.. It made the noise 2 times. So I figured I would back off the timing to see where it would stall. $0, 35, 30, 25, now down to 18 where it started from all because the brand new MSD $125.95 coil shorted internally. So the moral of the story, DO NOT allow a high energy coil to accidentally spark with out having a wire on it going to ground or you will be in for a trouble shooting night mare.
Now I think the trany is got a problem. There is a rattling noise from down there. IDK if it is a problem yet but I will find out soon enough when it takes a dump.
See even puppy's die new too.